Survey And Navigation Consultancy

As a natural consequence of underground excavation, NATM and TBM surveying require special application solutions as well as basic surveying principles. It is important to use all the necessary measurements and software/hardware requirements correctly for the precise operation of conventional construction equipment and TBM Navigation systems. Deformations are detected by certain measuring methods, depending on the expected course of action, local conditions and meteorological conditions. Measurement methods are also chosen according to the shape of the problem and the size of the area to be applied. Different models have been developed for all these. These models can be classified as follows;